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Michael William McCrum CBE (23 May 1924 – 16 February 2005) was an English academic and ancient historian who served as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and Head Master of Tonbridge School and Eton College. ==Life== McCrum was born at Alverstoke in Hampshire.〔John E. Lewis. "McCrum, Michael William (1924–2005)", ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2009.〕 The son of a naval Captain, he grew up at naval bases where his father was stationed. He was educated at Horris Hill School, Newbury and Sherborne School before 2nd World War service as an able seaman and then sub-lieutenant in the Royal Navy.〔 He then won a scholarship to read classics at Corpus Christi College. He graduated in 1948 with a Double First. After graduation in 1948, McCrum became a master at Rugby School. He married the daughter of the headmaster, Sir Arthur fforde, in 1952.〔 He was appointed Fellow of Corpus Christi in 1950 and was (an innovative) Tutor there under the Master, Sir George Thomson, and was also Director of Classical Studies.〔 McCrum left Cambridge in 1962 to become headmaster of Tonbridge School, where he made a good reputation and transformed the school, emphasising academic standards and implementing sweeping reforms, including the abolition of the old traditions of fagging and caning (corporal punishment) of junior boys by ''praepostors'' (senior boys).〔Bourne, Richard. "Eton's topper", ''The Observer'', London, 2 December 1969.〕 However, he did not abolish caning by masters, and made considerable use of it himself. He made the cadet corps voluntary instead of compulsory. ''The Tonbridgian'' (the school magazine) wrote in 1967 that "Never have there been so many changes in so short a time".〔 By a stratagem, he contrived that straw boater hats ("barges") be retained, although there was a clear majority for outright abolition in the poll of the boys which he arranged. His impressive stature and ability or determination to memorize the name and face of every boy (and teacher) in the school during the first week of the autumn term helped him to command respect. He later described part of his task at Tonbridge as having been "the reduction of stupid anachronisms" and "giving boys more liberties, provided they do not take them"; corporal punishment, he said, was "often the lesser of two evils".〔Rogers, Byron. "Eton's new head: a man for freedom". ''The Times'', London, 2 December 1969, p. 1.〕 While at Tonbridge, McCrum was an early supporter of the idea of education vouchers, and he opposed Labour Party proposals for school reform.〔"An educational 'toothless wonder'", ''The Times'', London, 14 September 1964, p. 6.〕 He criticised the reduction of the age of majority and the voting age to 18, saying that while they may be outwardly more mature than formerly, 18-year-olds "were still searching for guidance and authority" and "were less aware than formerly of the framework of tradition and the concept of the family community" under the increasing influence of the press and media.〔"Votes at 18 was 'hasty'", ''The Guardian'', London, 18 February 1970, p. 5.〕 In 1970 he became Head Master of Eton College, a post arguably more prestigious but curiously one that allowed less initiative or authority than at Tonbridge, though it did still allow him to cane boys.〔 He raised standards at Eton too after the era of Anthony Chenevix-Trench, whose weaknesses differentiated him from the self-disciplined McCrum. The curriculum was modernised and academic standards improved.〔Berthoud, Roger. "The good discipline of aiming at excellence", ''The Times'', London, 14 July 1980, p. 12.〕 Just before leaving Eton he oversaw the final abolition of fagging, as he had at Tonbridge earlier.〔Pallister, David. "Etonians end the era of fagging", ''The Guardian'', London, 25 April 1980, p. 22.〕 As Chairman of the Headmasters' Conference in 1974, McCrum called for greater co-operation between the independent and maintained sectors of education.〔Devlin, Tim. "Heads see big demand for more independent schools despite Labour threat to end benefits", ''The Times'', London, 1 October 1974, p. 2.〕 In 1980, McCrum returned to Corpus Christi as Master,〔"University News", ''The Times'', London, 17 November 1979.〕 introducing women to the college in 1982.〔Chorlton, Penny. "Corpus Christi to admit women", ''The Guardian'', London, 26 October 1981, p. 3.〕 In 1987 he became the last of the University of Cambridge's part-time Vice-Chancellors. He was president of the Cambridge Society from 1989 to 1996.〔 He chaired the Oxford and Cambridge Schools Examination Board from 1981 to 1987, and the School Governing Bodies Association from 1989 to 1994.〔 In his farewell speech as Vice-Chancellor he called for university lecturers to be better paid.〔Gow, David. "Exam warning in vice-chancellor's parting shot", ''The Guardian'', London, 3 October 1989, p. 2.〕 An Anglican, he was chairman of the Cathedrals Fabric Commission for England (from 1991) and was a member of the BBC/IBA religious affairs committee (while headmaster of Tonbridge, where, despite his reforming zeal in other respects, formal daily chapel services remained part of the fabric of school life while he was there; he did make attendance voluntary at Eton). McCrum was married to Christine Fforde and had four children. One, Robert McCrum, was Literary editor of ''The Observer''. He was appointed CBE in 1998. In addition to a collection of historical documents in Latin and Greek, compiled while first a fellow at Cambridge, he wrote a biography of Thomas Arnold, the noted headmaster of Rugby. This was published in 1990. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael McCrum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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